ABSTRACT
Large-scale observational epidemiological studies provide essential information for the development of prevention policies for chronic diseases such as obesity. Since 2009, the French NutriNet-Sante cohort has been used as the basis for 29 empirical studies on obesity. The aim of this review is to present a summary of the findings of those studies and to deduce the contribution of NutriNet-Sante to the understanding of obesity. Among the 29 studies, 5 analyzed obesity as an exposure variable, 23 - as an outcome, and 1 - as a moderator. When modelled as a determinant (or exposure), obesity was cross-sectionally and positively associated with migraine and functional dyspepsia, respectively. In turn, when modelled as a consequence (or outcome), obesity was positively associated with different dietary factors, such as the proportion of ultra-processed foods in the diet and preference for fatty food. Other factors were inversely associated with obesity, such as following an organic diet. Some psychological factors were positively (e.g. impulsivity) or inversely associated (e.g. optimism) with obesity risk. In NutriNet-Sante, further studies on obesity are underway, dealing with its association with COVID-19 and mental disorders.Copyright © 2022 Societe francaise de nutrition
ABSTRACT
Large-scale observational epidemiological studies provide essential information for the development of prevention policies for chronic diseases such as obesity. Since 2009, the French NutriNet-Santé cohort has been used as the basis for 29 empirical studies on obesity. The aim of this review is to present a summary of the findings of those studies and to deduce the contribution of NutriNet-Santé to the understanding of obesity. Among the 29 studies, 5 analyzed obesity as an exposure variable, 23 – as an outcome, and 1 – as a moderator. When modelled as a determinant (or exposure), obesity was cross-sectionally and positively associated with migraine and functional dyspepsia, respectively. In turn, when modelled as a consequence (or outcome), obesity was positively associated with different dietary factors, such as the proportion of ultra-processed foods in the diet and preference for fatty food. Other factors were inversely associated with obesity, such as following an organic diet. Some psychological factors were positively (e.g. impulsivity) or inversely associated (e.g. optimism) with obesity risk. In NutriNet-Santé, further studies on obesity are underway, dealing with its association with COVID-19 and mental disorders.
ABSTRACT
Déclaration de liens d’intérêts: Les auteurs n’ont pas précisé leurs éventuels liens d’intérêts. Soutiens financiers: Margaux Robert a reçu une bourse de thèse de l’université Sorbonne Paris Nord. Les projets SAPRIS/SAPRIS-SERO ont été financés par l’Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR, #ANR-20-COVI-000, #ANR-10-COHO-06), la Fondation pour la recherche médicale (#20RR052-00), et l’Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm, #C20-26). L’étude NutriNet-Santé est soutenue par la Direction générale de la Santé (DGS), l’Agence santé publique France, l’Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), l’Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRAE), le Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (CNAM), et l’université Sorbonne Paris Nord.
ABSTRACT
Financement: SAPRIS-SERO : ANR (#ANR-20-COVI-000, #ANR-10-COHO-06), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (#20RR052-00), Inserm (#C20-26). Déclaration de liens d’intérêts: Les auteurs déclarent ne pas avoir de liens d’intérêts.
ABSTRACT
Background Many hypotheses were raised regarding a role of nutrition in COVID-19 (susceptibility to infection, disease severity) based on the importance of macronutrients, vitamins or minerals for a proper functioning of the immune system. Our objective was to study the associations between dietary intakes and the seroprevalence SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large population-based sample. Methods Our analyses included 7766 adults from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort who provided at least 6 valid 24h dietary records in the two years preceding the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in France (February 2020). An ELISA assay was used to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: 311 participants were positive and 7455, negative. Associations between dietary intakes and the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were investigated using multi-adjusted logistic regressions. Results A lower seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated to higher intakes of vitamin B9 (HR = 0.84 (0.72-0.98)), vitamin C (HR = 0.85 (0.75-0.97)), vitamin K (HR = 0.86 (0.74-0.99)), dietary fibres (HR = 0.84 (0.72-0.97)), and fruit and vegetables (HR = 0.84 (0.74-0.97)). Higher intakes of calcium (HR = 1.17 (1.01-1.35)) and dairy products (HR = 1.19 (1.06-1.33)) associated to a higher seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. No association was observed with other food groups or nutrients or with the overall diet. Conclusions Based on exhaustive seroprevalence data in a large population-based sample, our results suggested that higher intakes of vitamin C, folates, vitamin K, dietary fibres and fruit and vegetables were associated with a lower susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Key messages Higher intakes of vitamin C, folates, vitamin K, dietary fibres and fruit and vegetables were associated to a lower susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, assessed with exhaustive seroprevalence data. Beyond its established role in the prevention of non-communicable diseases, nutrition could also contribute to prevent some infectious diseases such as COVID-19.